Antisocial personality disorder therapy/treatment paper Free Essays

As indicated by Hare and Hart (2005) Antisocial character issue is one of the psychological issue which comprise a huge portion of mental issue licenses. This issue starts directly from youth and proceeds through pre-adult to adulthood.â The primary component of the turmoil as laid out by the American Psychiatric Association is persistent negligence and infringement of different rights with double dealing and control seen as key highlights of the confusion. We will compose a custom paper test on Introverted character issue: treatment/treatment paper or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now In the judgments of the turmoil, it is typically viewed as precise to take demonstrative materials from others and not explicitly from the individual themselves. Individual with this issue may display indications extending from lying and taking, troubles in complying with the law, infringement of rights or others, maltreatment of substance, forceful conduct and contribution in battles, absence of regret, and numerous others. The turmoil is additionally alluded to as sociopathic character issue. In this paper we will investigate the various treatments or treatment that have been done or keep on being finished with respect to the confusion. Indications and analysis There are numerous hypotheses that attempt to clarify the reason for this issue yet unmistakable hereditary qualities and condition factor have been utilized to clarify the event of the illness. The hereditary hypothesis affirms that the illness can be given from guardians to kids. It is a piece of the nature and sustain banter. Ecological variables including the examples of relationship are identified with be a main source of the turmoil. Different speculations propose irregularities in the advancement of the sensory system while another hypothesis state that individuals with this issue have a higher tactile contribution for typical working of the cerebrum. These speculations ascribe the reason to mind capacities. As indicated by the DSM-IV models conclusions of the turmoil requires nearness of at least three of the accompanying manifestations:  · Lack of adaptation as for the accepted practices and laws with rehashing acts prompting captures  · Deceit with continued lying, monikers, conning only for individual joy or benefit  ·Ã¢ Impulsivity  ·Ã¢ Irritability and forceful conduct bringing about expanded physical battles  ·Ã¢ Disregarding wellbeing for other people and for self  ·Ã¢ Irresponsibility and absence of steady work conduct  · Un-contrition coming about to aloof supporting, abuse of others As indicated by the National Comorbidity Survey, it has been reported that utilizing DSM-IV rules, the confusion is common in about 3% of guys and about 1% of females.â However the commonness has been discovered higher in certain populaces like detainees including peaceful guilty parties and in substance misuse recovery focuses. Albeit the greater part of the judgments have been found in adulthood, there are three basic devices or markers which can be utilized to survey youngsters with the confusion. They incorporate bedwetting, mishandling creatures and arsonist tendencies. Contextual investigation For as long as he can remember, john has been unequipped for cherishing which implies he has never adored anybody including himself. His youth end up being less perfect than others and his poor foundation could have offered path to his present undesirable feelings. Anyway John will be John and a John of numerous countenances. He is a splendid and manipulative John who can reenact and imitate love when he needs it and when he doesn’t need it s. He will act extremely adoring however which ought not be at all mistaken for genuine love. This is when John needs to accomplish something, cash, food, love, and numerous others.â One the objective benefits his objective they are generally relinquished insensitively, in a remorseless way and suddenly. In man occurrences, there are numerous individuals who have gotten themselves an excellent visit for John. They will gracefully all what he needs to push a stage forward to pick up what he wants.â at the end of the day, they are a wellspring of narcissistic flexibly including worship, compliant, endorsement, profound respect, and others. John will utilize foul language when venting his hostility. At the point when John isn't out of luck, he won't contact anybody not even his sweetheart. John won't trouble doing anything for others inasmuch as he isn't profiting by its.â John is basically experiencing standoffish character issue Step by step instructions to refer to Antisocial character issue: treatment/treatment paper, Papers

Create Your Own Tree Leaf Exhibit or Collection

Make Your Own Tree Leaf Exhibit or Collection The excitement of effectively distinguishing trees can be improved by appropriately gathering leaves to make a tree leaf assortment and afterward mounting them in a show. Some appropriately arranged assortments have made due for longer than a century in herbal segments of exhibition halls. Clearly, the best time to gather green leaves is right off the bat in the leafing season however not all that early that juvenile leaves can befuddle the authority. The long periods of June and July give the best leaf tests however you can discover extraordinary leaf tests all through the mid year. To make a fall shading assortment you need to gather the leaf in harvest time. I have seen numerous excellent fall shading assortments. Gathering the Leaves for a Tree Leaf Collection When choosing leaves for your assortment, maintain a strategic distance from leaves harmed by bugs, sickness or the earth. Attempt to choose leaves of about a similar size and shape as a larger part of the leaves on the tree. Ensure that the total leaf is gathered. Keep in mind, straightforward leaves have just a single sharp edge or handout. Compound leaves have a few to numerous pamphlets. You should know these two leaf attributes. If you don't mind audit portions of a tree in the event that you need more assistance on tree leaf and twig structures. Great leaf assortments incorporate the whole leaf joined to a little piece of the twig with a sidelong or terminal bud. The gathered leaves ought to be taken care of cautiously before being set in a leaf press (more on this later) for last drying. Leaf examples can be secured while gathering in the field by setting them between the pages of a magazine. All examples ought to be expelled from this impermanent magazine press as quickly as time permits and set in a leaf press. You ought to have recognized and noticed each leaf name and these names ought to follow the example until it is shown. Squeezing Leaves Before leaves are set up for the assortment, they have to experience a last drying and saving procedure which can take as long as about a month and a half. The most ideal approach to do this is by utilizing a leaf press. The press not just jelly a significant part of the leafs shading and shape, it additionally lessens dampness to a point where form and waste is limited. Understudies given a task to make a leaf assortment by and large dont have a long time to set up an assortment. In any case, you should commit at any rate three to five days of press time for each leaf contingent upon its size and dampness content. Leaf shows become increasingly alluring as the length of squeezing time is broadened. Despite the fact that I suggest you utilize a genuine leaf press for best outcomes, there is a minimal effort strategy used to squeeze leaves. This strategy requires no unique hardware and is sketched out beneath. The technique demands a great deal of room, a level surface, and an open minded family. Select a level region on the floor, work area, or tabletop in a live with great air circulation.Prepare vital sheets of unfurled paper satisfactory for the quantity of leaves you have gathered. You need a few paper thicknesses for every layer between each pressing.Place the new leaf specimen(s) to be pushed on the main sheet layers. Be mindful so as not to allow leaves to cover or wrinkle by congestion. At that point essentially utilize extra layers of paper between more pressings.Cover the top and last layer of paper with solid cardboard or compressed wood, which has been sliced to a similar size as the paper.Place adequate weight (books, blocks, and so on.) on the pressed wood/cardboard to squeeze leaves level and hold them in position. Displaying the Leaves These gathered dried leaves are fragile and don't withstand continued dealing with or unpleasant treatment. You should keep the leaves in the press until time to mount them on the display load up (if that is the thing that you are utilizing). To save the magnificence of the assortment and add solidarity to the leaves, an unmistakable plastic or acrylic shower finish might be added to them. To do this: Spot leaves level on a bit of paper or butcher paper.Apply the shower in a flimsy coat to the leaf surface.Allow leaves to dry totally among coats and before handling.Turn leaves over and apply a slim layer of acrylic splash to the underside of the leaf.Handle showered leaves simply after they have dried totally. Either mount your whole assortment on a display board or spot each leaf on a different sheet of banner board or craftsmanship paper (all slice to a size which will hold the biggest leaf). Set up the leaf for mounting by applying a few drops of clear-drying paste to the back, place the leaf on the mounting surface and spot weight on leaf until dry. Add an alluring name to each leaf and you are finished! In the extremely least you ought to have included both the regular tree name and the logical name to every example (ex: Sweetgum or Liquidambar styraciflua).

Top 5 Questions to Ask Before Taking Out an Installment Loan

Top 5 Questions to Ask Before Taking Out an Installment Loan Top 5 Questions to Ask Before Taking out an Installment Loan Top 5 Questions to Ask Before Taking out an Installment LoanIts no secret that there are many risky loans out there designed to trap borrowers in  cycles of debt theyll never escape. (Were looking at you, payday and title loans!)Installment loans are safer alternatives to predatory loans, but that doesnt mean any installment loan is right for you. There are important details you need to understand before you borrow. We talked to some of our favorite financial experts to bring you the top five questions to ask before you sign on that dotted line!How long is the term?When it comes to loans, your ability to actually pay it off is what really matters. To do that, you need to start with figuring out how much the loan will actually cost,and how long you have to pay it back.Some loans, like payday and title loans, require you pay off the whole thing in as little as two weeks or a month. And they’ll usually force you to do so in a single, lump-sum payment. That can be hard for most people to manage.That’s why many folks turn to installment loans  instead, which allow you to pay back the loan with regular payments over a longer period of timeâ€"usually anywhere from six months to three years. That’s why they’re called installment loans: because you pay them off in installments.When applying for an installment loan, ask how long you will have until the lender expects repayment in full (this is called the term of the loan). Once you know the term, then you can truly know how much the loan will cost you overall.Understand the term before you sign the loan agreement. You don’t want any surprises down the lineâ€"once you’re already on the hook.What are the interest rates?Borrowing money isnt free.  Lenders make money on their loans by charging interest (the cost of borrowing money) to borrowersâ€"that’s why it’s very important that the interest rate is one that you’ll be able to afford.The quality of interest rates you’re likely to have access to will dep end on your credit score. The lower (or worse) your credit score is, the higher the interest rates you can expect.Ideally, you will have built a good credit history before applying for a loan, but there are other options if your credit isn’t great.Marc Johnston-Roche (@AnnuitiesHQ), co-founder of Annuities HQ, offers one method of getting a better interest rating: “There are lenders that accept co-signers. Some lenders allow borrowers with bad credit to add a co-signer with good credit. With a co-signer, you may get a lower rate or qualify for a loan that you couldn’t get on your own.”It’s also important that you compare the cost of different loans using their APR, or annual percentage rate. This will show you the total cost of a loan including fees  as well as interest, so you know exactly how much you’ll be paying.Are there prepayment fees?Because lenders make their money from interest, and borrowers pay more interest the longer their payment term is, lenders have an i ncentive to keep borrowers from paying off the loan sooner than they’re required to.That’s why some lenders will charge borrowers  prepayment penalties  if they pay their loan off early.Prepayment penalties are most often associated with mortgagesâ€"installment loans that are taken out to purchase a house (and the house serves as collateral).   If the homeowner is moving and wants to sell their home so that they can pay off the loan, they may be charged a prepayment penalty.It’s important to know if your installment lender charges prepayment penalties before you take out the loan since you’ll be obligated to uphold the terms of the deal once you’ve signed the contract.The good news is that prepayment penalties are much less common than they used to be.Per Randall Yates (@the_lenders_net), CEO and founder of The Lenders Network, “Prepayment penalties are very rare to see these days, in fact, they’re illegal for government-backed loans.”He also adds that “Prepayment penalties are illegal on any loan in 14 U.S. states” and that “the other 36 states have drastically reduced the amount of loans issued with a prepayment penalty.”Do I need to offer something as collateral?Some installment loans are secured loansâ€"which means that the borrower has to offer up a valuable piece of property as collateral.The great thing about secured loans is that they usually come with a lower interest rate. The not-so-great thing is that failing to pay the loan back means the lender canâ€"and probably willâ€"seize your collateral and sell it to make up their losses.As mentioned above, one of the most common kinds of secured installment loans is a home mortgageâ€"where the home being purchased also serves as collateral for the loan used to purchase it.The same is true with auto loans. You take out a loan to purchase a carâ€"and the lender can repossess the car if you fail to make your payments.But there’s another kind of loan that uses cars as collateral: titl e loans. These are high-cost loans secured using the title to a car that you already ownâ€"but could certainly lose if you fail to repay (read more in Title Loans: Risk, Rollover, and Repo).Regardless of what type of installment loan you’re looking for, it’s important to know if there is collateral involved, and under what conditions that collateral can be seized by the lender.You never want to risk losing your car or your house.Are payments amortized?A proper installment loan should offer amortized payments. That means each payment will go towards paying the interest and part of the principal, the original loan amount.Without amortized payments, your payments could end up only going towards the interestâ€"theoretically trapping you in debt forever!Like we said at the beginning of the post: before you get a loan, you want to be sure you know exactly how much you’ll be paying and exactly how long you’ll be paying it for.Installment loans are a safer alternative to short-term payday loans, but theyre not all created equal. Ask the right questions and you’ll live to spend another day.About the Contributors:Marc Johnston-Roche,  working steadily in the financial services, online marketing and lead generation industry for over eight years, Marc has had literally thousands of conversations concerning annuities with prospective buyers and advisors. Always looking forward to the time when he could develop a company network of retirement professionals based on three equally important but simple principles: respect, integrity, and professionalism. With his understanding of online marketing operations â€" he branched out with his partner and formed Annuities HQ.Randall Yates,  is the founder and CEO of The  Lenders Network, an online mortgage marketplace that helps homebuyers find reputable mortgage lenders. As a part of  Randall’s successful entrepreneurial career, he spends a chunk of time helping consumers understand their credit  and lending his mortgage expertise to help them find the right type of loan.  Randall Yates lives in Dallas, Texas with his two sons.

Building A Successful Division I Collegiate Basketball...

Chapter VI Program Development Introduction When building a successful Division I collegiate basketball program, there are many facets that need to be developed. These facets can include, concise communication, team policies and procedures, encouraging a strong work ethic, character development, and numerous other parts of a team environment. Being dedicated to the cause is imperative to develop belief in the system from the players and coaching staff. The team has to have buy-in to themselves and each other as to the purpose of the program. Once everyone has committed themselves to the program, team and system, success on and off the court will begin. Organization Excellent communication is key to the success of any program. In order to have an efficient program, all members of the department have to communicate effectively. Whether it be the coaches, players, athletic trainers, athletic directoChapter VI Program Development Introduction When building a successful Division I collegiate basketball program, there are many facets that need to be developed. These facets can include, concise communication, team policies and procedures, encouraging a strong work ethic, character development, and numerous other parts of a team environment. Being dedicated to the cause is imperative to develop belief in the system from the players and coaching staff. The team has to have buy-in to themselves and each other as to the purpose of the program. Once everyone has committed themselvesShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid? Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesathletic revenue in a variety of ways. If the NCAA is seriously worried about the schools that aren t making money, the association could institute a revenue-sharing program that would distribute the money more equitably.† (Huma, 2014). 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So I continued to brainstorm about a topic to expound on, even going as far as in asking my buddies and co-workers for suggestions. â€Å"Walmart†, â€Å"National Football League†, â€Å"National Basketball Association†, â€Å"Nationwide Insurance†, and â€Å"LG† were a few ideas that were presented to me. A few of those sounded ok but none really grasp my attention. As I was visiting an outlet mall, I came across Nike store. â€Å"Wow

Compensation Of Ceos At Nonprofit Hospitals Essay

Joynt, K. E. (2014). Compensation of CEOs at nonprofit hospitals. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(1), 61–67. f. Data collection procedures and instruments. The authors accessed 7 data sources: (1) publicly available Form 990 tax returns compiled by GuideStar for US hospitals filing as nonprofit entities in 2009; (2) the American Hospital Association annual survey; (3) rural-urban commuting area codes; (4) Hospital Compare data which contains process of care measures and the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey; (5) the 2009 Medicare Provider Analysis and Review File; (6) Medicare cost reports; and (7) the Medicare impact file. This study was approved by the Office of Human Research Administration at the Harvard School of Public Health. Executives were identified from the 990 forms, and 1877 CEOs overseeing 2681 nonfederal, private, nonprofit acute-care hospitals were identified. Also examined were if the hospitals had a larger number of beds, membership in a hospital system or were teaching hospitals. In addition, hospital payor mix was used. The financial performance measures including total margins liquidity and capitalization and occupancy rate data were evaluated as well. Levels of technology were also evaluated. A set of quality metrics endorsed by the National Quality Forum and used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid ServicesShow MoreRelatedThe Financial Implications Of The Nonprofit Sector1092 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral developments regarding the financial implications of the nonprofit sector. 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Helping Hospitalized Veteran’s mission is to help veterans who have been hospitalized rehab from their injuries quicker. This mission is accomplished by making craft kits for veterans to enjoy and take their minds off their current situation. The mission helps recovering veterans

BRAND CAMPAIGN ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Essay

Essays on Red Bull Attempting to Create a Culture for Its Brand Essay The paper "Red Bull Attempting to Create a Culture for Its Brand" is an outstanding example of an essay on marketing. Brands are collections of functional and emotional values that promise stakeholders unique experiences. A brand is a culture because the consumers who use a particular brand a number of times often identify themselves with that brand. Such consumers become a ‘cult’ as they cannot be separated from the brand which they have a deep association with. Therefore, a brand should have its own culture, from which every product derives (Kapferer, 2008, p. 184). This paper discusses the aspects of brand culture used to market Red Bull, an energy drink. In reference to Red Bull, the paper addresses how cult brands are created and developed through brand extensions, endorsements, and associations. To achieve this, the paper will investigate theories that try to explain how brands create experiential connections with brand users to generate loyalty and attachment.Red Bull has grown as one of the most popular drinks in the energy drinks category. Its history dates back to 1987 when Dietrich Mateschitz, a marketing executive at Unilever and Procter Gamble, introduced the energy drink in Austria. Mateschitz modified the ingredients of Red Bull to make it suit Western tastes like an energy drink on its own, and Europe thus becomes the mainstay of the brand although it had originated in Asia (Roll, 2006, p. 199). Although the drink faced some restrictions at the start in Austria due to its ingredients, it later spread quickly to neighboring countries such as Germany, Switzerland, Hungary and Slovenia (Dahlà ©n, Lange Smith, 2009, p. 315).One of the key reasons for the success of Red Bull has been its unconventional marketing communications that range from creating buzz, using word-of-mouth publicity to sponsoring extreme sports events (Roll, 2006, p. 199). The communications have been in synchrony with the overall brand personality of being a cool , hip and rebellious brand. The resistance that the drink faced when entering the market in France, Germany, and other key European countries may have been an obstacle to the brand’s success but it also helped to identify the product with its consumers when it eventfully entered these markets. As Temporal (2006, p. 12) notes, the market share of Red Bull has been growing at an annual rate of 15 to 25 percent. The brand is also popular in the United States with a 47 percent market share in 2006 and accounts for 70 percent of the global market share in terms of energy drinks (Temporal, 2006, p. 12).As mentioned above, the popularity of the Red Bull brand can largely be attributed to the brand’s marketing communications strategy. The company used a number of marketing strategies including word-of-mouth, sponsorships, athlete endorsers, sampling programs, point of purchase marketing and electronic media buys. However, word-of-mouth was the most preferred method because the company presumed that the best method was to get the consumers who used the product to give testaments to others.

Reflective Account free essay sample

The principles underpinning the role of the practitioner working with children Introduction During my third placement, I worked at a nursery and children’s centre. I was based in a baby room with children aged 0-2 years old. Although I was based in the baby room I often helped out in the 2-3 room if it was busy and I was needed. In the baby room there were always three level 3 qualified early years’ practitioners. This was the same in the 2-3 room plus a support practitioner. All the children in the baby and 2-3 room had an individual learning plans; this helped the children achieve the best they could out of their time in the setting. All the planning in the setting was based on each individual child’s individual needs and was age appropriate. All the children also had key workers. The key workers carried out observations and were in charge of all the paper work involving the children in their group. I then took over from the care workers. I told Mrs M that I was going to put a protector around her neck, in order for her to have her lunch. Mrs M’s table is called the ‘assisted table’. I assisted her with her starter, which was soup. Staff then gave me her main meal, which I encouraged Mrs M to participate on eating on her own. Mrs M seemed to enjoy her lunch and ate it all. Mrs X and Mrs Z then escorted Mrs M back to the lounge. Feelings I will now discuss my thought and feelings throughout this account. I observed that the care workers did not communicate with Mrs M when elevating her to and from the chair. I thought that she seemed fretful (unhappy, nervous). I was feeling a bit angry that Mrs M was not communicated with, I thought that surely they can explain what they are about to do and why. When given the soup, I wondered how hot it was, as steam was rising from it and I have to admit I was tempted to stick a finger in it to test before I fed Mrs M. I knew that due to infection control and respect for Mrs M I would not be able to do this. I was scared already, of burning her mouth and I hadn’t even started to assist with feeding. I thought that I should wait a few moments, and give the soup a chance to cool. I spoke to Mrs M about her soup and asked if she liked soup etc. She responded by â€Å"yes† and enjoyed her soup. When saying â€Å"that’s good† I felt that she was enjoying her meal. When Mrs M main meal arrived I thought it was be good for Mrs M to try and participate in her own feeding. I felt that there would be no harm done if there was spillage, as she had a protector on which would protect from burns. Observing Mrs M feed herself enabled me to see that although her hand eye co-ordination was not great, she was able to finish her meal on her own. I was given a beaker of milk to give, I asked her if she would like a drink and she said â€Å"oh yes†. I put the beaker into her hand but she could not get it to her mouth without my assistance. I felt that through spending one on one interaction with Mrs M I was able to get to know her better. Evaluation I shall discuss what went well and what didn’t go well. I feel that the Mrs X and Mrs Z did not have effective communication with Mrs M. Mrs M was clearly showing signs of unhappiness when being elevated. It could have been carried out much more effectively through communication, a positive attitude and care. During my time with Mrs M, I felt that she was happy and comfortable. However, it felt difficult to feed her the soup as the spoon seemed too big for her mouth. Encouraging Mrs M to participate in her own feeding enabled her to be independent and help promote hand eye co-ordination which she seemed to be lacking at the start of her meal. Spending time with Mrs M has helped me to understand her and her capabilities better, which in turn will enable us to work towards a therapeutic relationship. Analysis I feel that my communication skills were effective in the end. During our time I observed that she was unable to communicate with an open question. I then used closed questions which Mrs M replied to, for example; â€Å"Mrs M, are you enjoying your soup†. Mrs M was able to filter this question and respond with â€Å"yes, and very nice†. I communicated non-verbally also with Mrs M, through smiling, holding up beaker for her to see. I showed a positive attitude towards Mrs M. I’m a positive person, and enjoyed the opportunity to assist with eating. Conclusion â€Å"A Therapeutic relationship relies on specific components being in place, including rapport, empathy, trust, geniuses, warmth and positive regard† (Brooker, 2013) Having compassion, empathy, caring and spending time with the user will promote a therapeutic relationship with a service user. Trust is also a component of a therapeutic relationship. According the NMC code (NMC, 2013), people in our care must be able to trust us with their health and wellbeing. Care workers are required to be effective communicator’s with a diverse range of service users. It is vital to have effective communication in order for the message we are giving to be understood. However, there are many barriers within health care setting to effective communication, such as; conflict (not sharing common ground), internal noise (mental/emotional distress), difficulty with speech and hearing, medication and different language etc†¦ (Brooker, 2013) There are many forms of communication which we use on a daily basis, for example; verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication is spoken words, non-verbal is when no spoken words are used, such as; gesture, touch, smile, eye contact, stance, body language, facial expression, writing and signs. Models of communication such as the â€Å"blueprint of behaviour, which is a tool to help health care workers understand how people comprehend the world around them, how this influences the person’s communication and therefore how others responds† (Brooker, 2013) It states that we are all individual and unique in how the world affects us and our understanding. Mrs M has a barrier to her communication due to her dementia. Therefore it is essential that efforts are made to enhance communication in order for her to filter the information she is receiving, in turn enabling her to respond. This knowledge is useful for myself and other health care staff. â€Å"People make errors when communicating. Practitioners who do not communicate effectively with the individual may cause anxiety, or fear which can in turn negatively affect patient’s health† (Brooker, 2013). This seemed to be the case in Mrs M’s experience when being elevated to her wheelchair, without communication. This brings me to ‘person-centred care’. In order for a person-centred approach to be carried out successfully, relationships between health care workers and service users must be established. Person-centeredness involves; the person being the heart of care, communication will be open and honest, and presented in a way that’s understood, staff presenting a positive attitude, respecting individual rights, values and beliefs. Action Plan If I have the opportunity to assist Mrs M again, I will hopefully be able to escort her (with another care worker) to the dining area myself. Communicating effectively to avoid any anxiety that Mrs M encountered on Thursday. I will also encourage Mrs M to participate in eating all of her lunch, with my assistance if required. If I was to feed Mrs M with soup again, I would prefer to use a smaller spoon or maybe even a dessert spoon. The Soup spoon was too big for her mouth.

Apple Companys Problems

The Process of Patent Assignment

The Process of Patent Assignment Assignment has two related meanings in the world of inventing and patenting. For trademarks,  an assignment  is a transfer of ownership of a trademark application or trademark registration from one entity to another, and for patents, an assignment involves the sale and transfer of ownership of a patent by the assignor to the assignee. The assignee is the entity that is the recipient of a transfer of a patent application, patent, trademark application, or trademark registration from its owner on record, the assignor. In patent assignments, the assignor will make an instant profit off of selling its patent, while the assignee gets rights to royalties and all future profits from the invention. You can assign the ownership of a patent application or patent. For all U.S. patents, assignments are recorded with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Assignment Services Division to keep the title clear  to pending patent applications and patents;  assignments can be searched on the USPTO website. Assignments arent always a voluntary transaction. For instance, an employee invention may be mandatorily assigned by an employee to the employer because of the contract that the employee has signed. For this reason, there are a number of laws and regulations surrounding patent assignments  that govern how the patent is handled and who owns individual patents. In contrast to patent licensing, an assignment is an irrevocable and permanent transfer of ownership. How to Apply Whether youre hoping to change ownership to another entity or party through assignment or hoping to change the name of a patent while its pending approval, you need to fill out an official Patent Assignment Recordation Coversheet by completing online forms at the USPTOs Assignment Recordation Branch website. This online system, known as the Electronic Patent Assignment System (EPAS), can be used to submit your cover sheet and supporting legal documentation online, which the USPTO will then process. If you are unsure about whether your patent has been granted an assignment, you can search  the database of all recorded patent assignment information, which dates back to 1980. For patents earlier than 1980, you can go to the National Archives and Records Administration and request a copy of accompanying paperwork. How Long It Takes and Why According to the USPTO, getting a patent can take up to three years, so if youre hoping to start making money off of a new invention, selling the patent for your product and applying for a patent assignment may be the fastest way to actually see a return of investment on your new creation. Although the patent application assignment wont get your patent faster, it can assure the inventor and assignee are protected when it comes to ownership and rights. As a result, an assignment may be appropriate where the patent owner prefers to receive a lump-sum price at the time of the assignment rather than collecting royalties. Since a patent prevents other manufacturers from re-creating and selling your original concept, both you and the assignee would benefit from ensuring that once the invention becomes officially patented, it belongs to the right individual and no one else.

Mitt Romneys economic plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mitt Romneys economic plan - Essay Example America in the recent past experienced an economic crisis that resulted into a severe economic aftermath like loss in jobs, reduced output by industries and wealth reduction by individuals as well. This effect is likely to take economists decades to curb this though they are encouraged to act quickly in terms of scope and costs relayed through relative activism (Ogburn, 2009). Amidst this, Romney comes with a comprehensive and deliberate plan to curb this crisis leading to economic growth and development of the Americans not forgetting their critical welfare. Actual plan Romney’s plan is because Americans as an agile society and world’s economic powerhouse is highly in need of its economy to rapidly come back to its knees. Romney has the target of an annual GDP growth rate of 4% per annum over the period he speculates to be in power to bring back the level of unemployment to its previous level before the crisis (Obama, 2008). This appears to be an uphill task but throug h the aggressiveness of the Americans and Romney’s leadership, it shall be achieved within the specified timelines. The growth and development agenda according t Romney should and must be divided into parts as follows: - First, his regime must focus more on productivity growth through relevant policies to support savings and investments, creativity and innovation, trade activities, education and training. Secondly, the government will have to develop a budget framework that is much friendly to the financial system.

'A Current Affair' and 'Today Tonight' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

'A Current Affair' and 'Today Tonight' - Essay Example The main role of mass media of informing and entertaining influences the way people live and conduct their businesses (O'Donnell 265). Rapid technological advancements particularly in respect to internet has significantly enhance the role that mass media plays in the world. Internet technology has widened the audience for media houses as the audience can catch the programs from virtually anywhere in the world and at anytime. Also, internet technology has enabled the audience to watch, listen or read the current and past contents of their interest from a particular media company (Lamble 18). Television programs have gained prominence over the years as the most preferred form of getting information and entertainment. As a result, many media houses have focused towards bettering their television programs’ content, reporting style, and visuals in order to meet or exceed the expectations of the target audience (Stuart Cunningham and Graeme 34). In basic terms, a television program refers to a segment of content that is intended for broadcast at a particular time or day(s) on television (Herd 9). This essay will discuss the programs ‘A Current Affair’ and ‘Today Tonight’, which are popular current affairs programs on Australian commercial television. The essay will seek to explain the elements that come together to make these programs successful. ... The program was revived in 1988 and has gradually grown to be one of the most popular television programs in Australia. According to the Australian TV ratings in 2008, the program had achieved about 1,130,000 viewers, coming second after ‘Today Tonight’ which had achieved about 1,380,000 viewers (O'Donnell 266). So, what elements have come together to make the program successful? One of the elements that have made the program successful is its content. The program is primarily informational and tends to offer information regarding the current affairs in Australia (Blundell). Like other societies, Australia is faced with a myriad of issues that affect its population in one way or another. It is against this background that A Current Affairs’ content is packaged; it is packaged to focus on various public affairs issues (Stuart Cunningham and Graeme 49). For example, it focuses on the issues of money such as how one can fight unfair speeding fines and makes some savi ngs. Also, the content of the program focuses on issues of food and nutrition where it is concerned with aspects of health eating and on how various diets negatively impact one’s health. Besides, its content focuses on family including how families are raised and some of the challenges that they are facing (A Current Affair). Moreover, the content of the program includes issues of business; how one can run successful business and some of the pitfalls to watch out for and avoid. Furthermore, its content addresses personalities such as celebrities and politicians and their various behaviors and activities and how they impact on the society (Lamble 55). In a nutshell, the content of the program focuses on various social, economic, cultural, and political issues and

Purification of Alcohol Dehydrogenase From Bovine Liver

Purification of Alcohol Dehydrogenase From Bovine Liver Jekathjenani Ratnakumaran Namrata Verma Introduction: In the world of chemistry, there are millions of enzymes, but in this lab the enzyme used is bovine alcohol dehydrogenase. This enzyme occurs in various mammalian tissues, but generally found in high concentrations in the organs such as liver and kidney. According to its name Bovine alcohol dehydrogenase, which implicates that it is collectively formed from bovine (cow), alcohol and the enzyme dehydrogenase. The protein was extracted from the liver of bovine. Alcohol is an organic compound which contains carbon atom (single bonds) and hydrogen atoms. This alcohol is available in various forms of liquid and used for a variety of purposes. According to its properties, alcohol is a hydroxyl group which has a sweet odor similar to fruit. Alcohol are further divided and identified into different groups and also they are polar. As they possess hydrogen bonding they have higher boiling points. Dehydrogenase is a type of an enzyme which oxidizes a substrate by a reduction reaction that trans fers one or more hydrogen H- to the electron acceptor which is NAD+ /NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) or FAD Flavin coenzyme (Shibusawa et al, 2004). Collectively, it forms alcohol dehydrogenase, which is ADH persuaded by ethanol and acetaldehyde as they relate to carbon catabolite repression. It is also zinc containing enzyme which is activated by glutathione and EDTA, which contains heavy metals (Pateman et al, 1983). Many organisms contain an alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme which catalyzes the NADPH dependent of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes into subsequent alcohols and catalyze the reduction of glyceraldehyde to glycerol (Arslanian et al, 1971). Alcohol dehydrogenase contains a several isozymes which catalyze the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to convert into aldehydes and ketones (Arslanian et al, 1971). The molecular weight of this enzyme is 39677.13 Da and it is made up of 374 amino acid sequence. The monoisotopic mass of this enzyme is 39651.32 and its p H value ranges between 8.6 to 9.0 with an extension coefficient of 12.6 and an isoelectric point at 5.4, its theoretical pI is 7.46.The alcohol dehydrogenase is also known for its battle against alcohol , its toxic molecules which negotiates with the nervous system so, the body organs which consist of high toxic of alcohol are liver and stomach which converts alcohol to acetaldehyde which is even more toxic substance and further it is conversted to acetate which is utilized by the cells present within our body (Goodsell et al, 2001). So overall, alcohol dehydrogenase converts potentially dangerous molecule into food ustilized by the cells preent within the body.In human bidy, alcohol dehydrogenase can create upto nine different kinds of alcohol dehydrogenase each having different properties. For example in liver beta3 enzyme(Goodsell et al, 2001).These each enzyme is formed of two subunits and they can be mixed and match to create mixed dimerss which are more active.Alcohol dehdroge nates also modifies certain other alcohols with giving outcome of dangerous products such as methanol. These by products are converted into formaldehyde by help of alcohol dehydrogenase (Goodsell et al, 2001). Catalytic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase: NADPH + an aldehyde NADP+ + an alcohol Methods: In order to conduct this laboratory experiment, All the required apparatus and materials were provided during the lab. Certain precautions and safety rules were followed such as gloves, safety glasses and lab coat. This lab was conducted for about duration of 11-12 weeks. According to the article (Arslanian et al, 1971) most of the steps and procedure was followed. Purification of the enzyme was carried out by following up eight steps. Precautions were made while the experiment was performed. Equipments were rinsed with distilled water before starting the experiment. The reagent and buffer solution were prepared with distilled water. All procedures were carried out at 0-40C. Buffer Preparation: The first step involved in the buffer preparation. The stock solution, 0.1M Tris HCl at pH 7.6 was prepared by dissolving 12.14 g of Tris base with 1000 ml of distilled water and the pH was adjusted to 7.6 by adding diluted HCl. The Tris HCl buffer solution with different concentrations such as 10mM (pH 7.5), 40mM (pH 7.6) and 50mM (pH 7.5) were prepared by diluting the stock solution with distilled water. Sodium Chloride elutant buffer (0.16M NaCl) was prepared by dissolving 9.3504 g of NaCl with 1000 ml of distilled water. Preparation of Homogenate: The second step involved the preparation of the homogenate. The bovine liver was homogenized in a Waring blender in 90 ml of 0.32 M sucrose in 10mM Tris HCl buffer at pH 7.5. Approximately 27.39 g of sucrose was added in 250 ml of 0.01M Tris HCl to make 0.32M sucrose in 10mM of Tris HCl at pH 7.5. The homogenate was centrifuged at 15000 RPM for 30 minutes using centrifuge-Sorvall RC5 refrigerated centrifuge SS 34. Ammonium Sulfate Fractionation: Step three involved ammonium sulfate fractionation. The homogenate was 35% saturated and equilibrated with ammonium sulfate by dissolving 20.9 g of ammonium sulfate in 250 ml of distilled water. The supernatant was centrifuged at 15000 RPM for 30 minutes and the precipitate was discarded. Then, concentration was increased to 60% saturated ammonium sulfate by dissolving 16.4 g in 500 ml of distilled water. The suspension was centrifuged at 15000 RPM for 30 minutes. The obtained gray pellet was dissolved in 40mM Tris HCl buffer at pH 7.6. Then, the solution was dialyzed against 2L of 0.04M Tris HCl at pH 7.6 for 24 hours and again dialyzed with same buffer for another 24 hours. Performing DEAE-Sepharose Chromatography: The fourth step involved DEAE-Sephrose Chromatography. DEAE-Sepharose column that can hold up to 10ml volume was applied. The column was equilibrated by applying four times of 10ml of 40mM of Tris HCl, pH 7.6 buffer. About 10ml volume of centrifuged and dialyzed material was applied through the column. The column was washed with the same buffer (40mM of Tris HCl, pH 7.6) and then eluted by 40mM of Tris HCl with 50mM of NaCl. About 1 ml volume of twenty fractions of enzyme solution was collected using microfuge tubes. Enzyme Activity Assay: Fifth step involved measuring enzyme activity using a spectrometer. The enzymatic activity was initiated with 1mL of volume of blank solution containing 20  µl of distilled water, 10  µl 33mM of ethanol, 10  µl of 0.26mM of NAD+ and 960  µl of 0.1M of glycine buffer. Enzymatic assay activity was measured by taking total volume of 1000  µl containing 20 µl of enzyme solution, 10  µl 33mM of ethanol, 10  µl of 0.26mM of NAD+ and 960  µl of 0.1M of glycine buffer. The wavelength was set up at 340nm and measured using Cary 50s and 60s spectrometer. One unit of activity equals 1 µmol NADH produced per min based on the absorption coefficient of 6220 mol/l/cm for NADH at 340 nm. The above procedure was repeated for kinetic analysis and the range of ethanol concentration used was 20 to 25 mM. The observed data were fitted using Lineweaver -Burk kinetic plots. Gel filtration: The sixth step involved gel filtration. The enzyme was precipitated by 62% saturated ammonium sulfate and dissolve in 10ml of 50 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.5. The suspension was centrifuged for 20 min at 10000 RPM. Then, the column of Sephadex G-50 was run with 10 ml of enzyme solution. The column was equilibrated and washed with 50 M Tris- HCl buffer, pH 7.5. Then, the column was eluted by 50mM of Tris HCl with 50mM of NaCl. Around 10 fractions were collected at the rate of 1 ml/min in a microfuge tube. The highest highest specific activity fractions were precipitated by 62% saturation with ammonium sulfate. In the final step, the enzyme was redissolved in 5 ml of same buffer and apply to the column of Sephadex G-50 under the same conditions. Again, the highest specific activity fractions were precipitated by 62% saturation with ammonium sulfate. Performing CM-Sephadex chromatography: The precipitated enzyme was dissolved in 1 ml of potassium phosphate buffer contain 0.02M of NaCl, pH 7.0 and the enzyme solution was dialyzed against the same buffer for 2 hours. 10ml of non diffusible material was applied to a CM-Sephadex column. Then, the column was equilibrated with the same buffer. Then, the enzyme was eluted from the column with two column volumes of 0.16 M of NaCl (20ml). 10 fractions were collected and precipitated with 62% saturated ammonium sulfate. Bradford Assay: The eighth step involved Bradford Assay. The data (absorbance) observed from Bradford Assay Standards was used for calculating the mass of BSA in  µg. The final step used in this experiment was SDS PAGE method. About 20 µl of enzyme with loading buffer was loaded on the gel and by observing the gel, the mass of the protein was calculated. Results: Bovine Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) was purified by following up few methods. The experimental results were observed and recorded for appropriate methods. Using DEAE Sepharose Chromatography, fractions were collected and all the fractions were appeared colorless. The enzymatic assay activity was measured at 340nm using spectrometer. The figure 1 indicates that the enzyme activity was increased by absorbing the NADH. The highest specific activity was selected based on the graph obtained in the enzyme kinetic activity. However, this method failed, resulting no increased activity. The enzyme kinetic activity had done for all the fractions, but none of them shown the accurate result. The graph obtained from the spectrometer does not show the increased activity of the enzyme to conclude the presence of protein. The result of the enzyme activities of collecting fractions was shown in figure 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 respectively. However, the Bradford assay method was performed and the absorbance of the standards and the enzyme were recorded in the following tables. Based on these values, the graph of standard curve of absorbance versus mass of BSA was plotted. Table 1: The following table represents the recorded values of absorbance at 540 nm and calculated the mass of the BSA using the Bradford assay method Figure 1: Represents the enzymatic activity obtained from the purified protein ADH after ammonium fractionation method had performed and the peaks are showing that activity is increased. The above plot was obtained at 340 nm using Cary 50s-60s spectrometer and it was run as two parts for 4 minutes. Figure 2: Represents the standard curve of A595 versus mass of ADH protein obtained from the Bradford assay method. From the slope value obtained from the curve, the mass of the ADH protein was calculated. The mass of the protein calculated from the figure 2 is 4.766  µg and concentration of the protein is 4.766  µg / 25  µl SDS-PAGE method: Table 2: Represents the recorded values of SDS-PAGE method for the determination of molecular weight of the ADH purified protein Protein Molecular weight (Dalton) Log (Molecular Weight) Mobility (cm) Strand 1 60000 4.778 4.8 Strand 2 50000 4.699 5.1 Strand 3 40000 4.602 6.5 Strand 4 25000 4.398 7.0 Strand 5 20000 4.301 9.3 Figure 3: Represents the SDS-PAGE analysis of purified protein bovine Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH). The graph was plotted with log of molecular weight versus mobility of protein based on the SDS-PAGE values. Figure 4: Represents the single band on an SDS-PAGE gel (9th lane). This figure shown the proof of the protein ADH present in the enzyme solution and mass of the protein was calculated based on the obtained SDS-PAGE results. From the figure 3 and 4, the mass of the protein calculated is 345143.74 Da Figure 5: Represents the enzymatic activity obtained in the fraction 9th of the purified protein ADH and the peaks are obtained at 340 nm using Cary 50s-60s spectrometer. Figure 6: Represents the enzymatic activity obtained in the fraction 10th of the purified protein ADH and the peaks are obtained at 340 nm using Cary 50s-60s spectrometer. Figure 7: Represents the enzymatic activity obtained in the fraction 12th of the purified protein ADH and the peaks are obtained at 340 nm using Cary 50s-60s spectrometer. Figure 8: Represents the enzymatic activity obtained in the fraction 13th of the purified protein ADH and the peaks are obtained at 340 nm using Cary 50s-60s spectrometer. Figure 9: Represents the enzymatic activity obtained in the fraction 14th of the purified protein ADH and the peaks are obtained at 340 nm using Cary 50s-60s spectrometer. Discussion: According to the experimental study, the outcome results were not satisfying, so overall the experiment was not successful it failed. Based on the SDS-PAGE, ADH purified protein was not much visible clearly on the gel. Proteins are viewed as bands. SDS-PAGE results indicates that smaller protein molecules are at the bottom of the gel and larger molecules are at the top of the gel. This is showing that SDS-PAGE gel separate the protein molecules based on the size and mass of the protein. Most of the protein bands are viewed in between the molecular weight, 100 kDa and 30 kDa. Determining mass and purifying the protein, Bovine Alcohol Dehydrogenase using the Bradford assay and SDS-PAGE procedure was conducted successfully using this experiment. The result obtained in the SDS-PAGE and Bradford Assay are differ from the standard value and the concentration of the protein was determined using these methods. Based on the molecular mass on the EXPASY website, the standard molecular mass of the ADH protein is 39677.13 Da. The experimental mass of the ADH protein is 345143.74 Da. The mass difference is a large number. This could occur due to the experimental errors. The experimental errors can be avoided by handling equipments and following the instructions in a proper manner. Predicting the protein band on SDS-PAGE gel could cause the error. Moreover, the purification method such as DEAE Sepharose Chromatography was performed to test the enzyme activity of the protein. The obtained results are shown as a figure 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in the results section. The overall results obtained in these figures indicated that the experiment was not turned successful. The figure 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 shown that enzyme activities are decreasing and wiggling. They are not constantly increasing or decreasing. Therefore, it was concluded that the purification of the enzyme was not turned positive and it could be due to the human errors occurred while conducting the experiment. This could be po ssible due to various reasons such as, during measurements for making the solution at the very beginning may be the concentration required was not appropriate, due to human error it was not properly mixed. It could also be possible that while grinding the liver , certain chunks of the liver were still not properly collected due to which the amount of liver used was not effective to obtain supportive and positive results.The variability of the results presented here is loss of certain atoms during the process of purification as their was no enzyme activity observed.The substrate studies of the alcohol dehydrogenase isolated from the bovine liver have demonstrated the hydrophobic site for binding alcohol (Arslanian et al, 1971). The article mentioned that the buffer that has a low ionic strength is used for the enzyme adsorbtion which caused the incomplete deactivation of enzymes and it was proven evidently (Arslanian et al, 1971). Moreover, as there is no enzyme activity measured in step 5 (DEAE- Sephrose Chromatography), the gel filtration and CM-Sephadex Chromatography method was not performed for this study. The enzyme purification might get succeeded if the study has performed these two methods. The article mentioned that gel filtrations on Sephadex G-100 has successive ability to separate the enzyme from non enzyme protein (Arslanian et al, 1971.) For further studies, more information is required before conducting the study as well as the time allotted was less, due to which it could suggest certain results and test were not done at the appropriate time. In conclusion, the study was conducted by following the method listed in the article. This studys report discussed the properties and successful method for the purification of enzyme, Bovine Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Even though article procedures were followed, errors occurred which resulted in deviations in results. However, the methods of Gel filtration and CM Sephadex Chromatography where successive but could not be conducted in this lab because the enzyme activity was limited after DEAE Chromatography was performed. More caution should have gained while conducting the experiment. It is emphasized that further research on enzyme purification method could improve the results and find success in the study. Appendix: Sample calculation 1: Volume of one microliter= 0.001mL Volume of 20 microliter= (0.001 ml x 20  µL) / 1  µL = 0.02 ml Therefore, mass of protein in 1mL of stock solution= 0.10 mg Mass of protein in 0.02 ml of stock solution = (0.10 mg x 0.02 ml) / 1 ml = 2 x 10-3 mg To convert mg to  µL, multiply by 1000, Mass of protein= 2 x 10-3 x 1000 = 2  µg Absorbance of the ADH purified Protein, y = 0.2544 Slope Line of equation: Y=mx+b Y= 0.0505 x + 0.0137 0.2544 = 0.0505 x + 0.0137 The mass of the protein, x = (0.2544 0.0137) /0.0505  µg = 4.766  µg Concentration of the protein, C = mass/ volume = 4.766  µg / 25  µl = 0.19  µg/  µl Total mass that recovered= Conc. X Total volume = 0.19 x 1000  µl = 190.64  µg SDS- PAGE method: Absorbance of the ADH purified Protein, y = 0.2544 Slope Line of equation: Y= mx+b Y= 6.0902 x + 33.982 0.2544= 6.0902 x + 33.982 X= (0.2544 33.982) / 6.0902 = 5.538 The mass of the protein = 105.538 = 345143.74 Da References: Arslanian,M.J., Pascoe,E,. and Reinhold,J.G., (1971) Rat Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase.Dept. of Biochem.School of Medicine, American University of Beirut.125,1039-1047. Alcohol Dehydrogenase(ADH)The university of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database.Calzyme. Lab.inc. Shibusawa,Y.,Fujiwara,T.,Shindo,H., andIto,Y. (2004) Purification of alcohol dehydrogenase from bovine liver crude extract by dye-ligand affinity counter-current chromatography, J. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci.799(2):239-44. Pateman,J.A., Doy,C.H.,Olsen,J.E.,Norris,U., Creaser. E.H., and Hynes,M.(1983) Regulation of Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDDH) in Aspergillus nidulans.Proceedings of the Royal society.Bio.Sci.217, 243-264. Ward,W.W., and Swiatek,G.,(2009) Protein purification.The state University,, Scool of Environmental and Biology Science,Department of Biochem. And Microbio.76,1- 21. Goodsell,D.(2001) Alcohol Dehydrogenase.Molecule if the month. RCSB.Protein Data Bank.doi: 10.2210.

History Of Communication Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the beginning of time, people have had the need to communicate with one and other. The most common type of communication is speech, but you could not talk to someone who lived 20 miles away. Then written language was developed, people marked symbols on paper, stone, or whatever was available. Then hundreds of years passed, and people who wanted to share their ideas with people had to do allot of writing, until someone thought to make a writing machine. This machine is called the printing press.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gutenberg's invention of the printing press is widely thought of as the origin of mass communication-- it marked Western culture's first viable method of disseminating ideas and infomation from a single source to a large and far-ranging audience. The story of print is a long and complax one. It may be too much to claim that print was the single cause of the massive social, political and psychological changes it is associated with. However, print did wield enormous influence on every aspect of European culture. Some historians suggest that print was instrumental in bringing about all the major shifts in science, religion, politics and the modes of thought that are commonly associated with modern Western culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gutenberg foresaw enormous profit-making potential for a printing press that used movable metal type. Despite their rapid growth in numbers, secular scribes simply could not keep up with the commercial demand for books. Gutenberg also saw strong maket potential in selling indulgences, the slips of paper offering written dispensation from sin that the Church sold to fund crusades, new buildings and other projects devoted to expanding its dominance. In fact, press runs of 200,000 indulgences at a time were common soon after the handwritten versions became obsolete.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were many different innovations since the first hand operated printing press. The Stanhope press, which was widely used for many years, still used a hand-operated screw to press print and paper, but it could print up to 250 sheets an hour. A considerable improvement was the Colombian press. In this press, the typical screw method was eliminated, and replaced with powerful hand levers.   Ã‚  &nbs... ...the negative side, wars are waged more easily, the scope of human conflict has been extended along telephone lines, the multi-generational household has been broken-up as living alone is no longer an experiment in isolation, and the time-space continuum seems to be compressed faster than previously thought possible (Brooks, 1976). On the other hand, the invention of the telephone has resulted in the rapid and diffuse dissemination of technical and scientific information, saved lives through links to emergency services, made possible the modern city through telephonic connections, increased the speed and ease with which information changes place, and accelerated the rate of scientific and technological change and growth in industry (Brooks, 1976).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the invention of the printing press, communication over distances has become much more feasable. The invention of the the telephone, computer, and the internet has made such an impact on our society. Now we are able to view tremendous multitudes of information from our own living room. The history of modern communication is still ongoing, and will continue to progress far into the future.

Radio Music Essay

Music, I can say, has played an important role to the lives of every human. It has been a source of inspiration and leisure on past times. When you celebrate, music never gets lost and when you need to be calmed, music is also relaxing. As the years pass, along with it are the changes in trend. Characteristics of radio music by then are different of the radio music we have today. Several genres of music flourished from 1950s to 1960s. The birth of Rock and Roll is also dated back significantly in the 1950s. Right now, there is a question asked whether or not people would still listen to the radio despite of the latest gadgets for music are on hand. Listening to the radios are threatened by the latest technology including iPods and mp3 players. Aside from the radio, music is also presented by music channels in the television where music videos are accompanying the song. Radio is the major source of entertainment for the Americans having almost every household own at least one radio. 93% of the Americans owned a radio during that time. It was in the year 1954 that a rock and roll song landed the hit charts. Rock and Roll was a product of several genres including indigenous American jazz, rhythm and blues, swing, and the gospel style. Its roots trace back to the black culture of that moment (Faculty). Another music that was played on the radios is called â€Å"covers† (Faculty). Covering Family Name 2 takes place when a person or a group records again a song that was already recorded by another individual or group. This term’s roots dates back in the year 1966 (Online Etymology Dictionary). Songs back then that were originally sung by black artists were being asked to be covered by white artists. There were a lot of advantages that a â€Å"cover† has. First, they can outsell the original version due to having greater resources and second, the quality of the sound is much better than that of the original version. Rock and Roll had more specific genres which include Rock-a-Billy, Doo Wop, and the â€Å"West Coast† sound. â€Å"Rockabilly† was a mixture of rhythm and blues and country music. The â€Å"Doo Wop sound† traces its origins in the urban North. It has been fondly called and described as 1950s’ â€Å"street corner† music. Under Doo Wop are the characteristics of using â€Å"nonsense syllables† as background rhythm, having emphasis on its harmony, and a different range of voices or parts. Came 1960s and a new kind of rock and roll emerged called â€Å"California Sound. † California is the place where it first started. Rock and roll’s decline happened in the later part of 1950s since companies started to promote â€Å"teen idols. † The themes of their songs are mostly about love (Faculty). Some of the famous and promising artists during this time are the following: Dean Martin, Patti Page, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Eddie Cochran, Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley- Don’t Be Cruel, Jailhouse Rock and many others, Arthur â€Å"Big Boy† Crudup, â€Å"Big Mama† Thornton, Hank Williams, Sr. , Buddy Holly and the Crickets, Every Brothers- Bye Bye Love, Roy Orbison, Ricky Nelson, The Marcels- Blue Moon, The Diamonds, Little Eva- Locomotion, The Shirelles- Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow? , Neil Sedaka- Breaking Up is Hard to Do, and Paul Anka with his song Diana (Faculty). Family Name 3 At the present, since whatever the trend in America is being adopted by other countries, there are 17 formats that are now playing and being listened to. Ranking from the first, the following are Country, News/ talk/ information, Adult Contemporary, Pop Contemporary Hit Radio, Classic Rock, Rhythmic Contemporary Hit Radio, Urban Contemporary, Urban Adult Contemporary, Oldies, Hot Adult Contemporary, Mexican Regional, Contemporary Christian, All Sports, Alternative, Classic Hits, Classical, and Talk/ Personality (Radio Today). From Rock and Roll, it can be seen from the above information that the taste of music listeners have shifted to many other kinds. In my own observation, today’s folks are getting more acquainted with music that have lively danceable beats but not necessarily with high notes. A lot of the radio stations would play Pop, R&B and Hiphop. The young is the targeted market of these radio stations. Leading artists of today include Beyonce Knowles, Neyo, Chris Brown, Rihanna, Akon, Taylor Swift and many others who have hit the charts just like those mentioned artists in the year 1950s and 1960s. Works Cited â€Å"Cover. † Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 May 2009. < http://www. etymonline. com/index. php? l=c&p=28/> â€Å"The Rise of Rock ‘n Roll. † Faculty. 5 May 2009. < http://faculty. smu. edu/dsimon/Change-Music. html/> â€Å"Radio Today. † Arbitron. 5 May 2009. < http://www. arbitron. com/downloads/radiotoday07. pdf/>

Summary of The Great Gatsby

Published in 1925, F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby is frequently studied in American literature classrooms (college and high school). Fitzgerald used many of the events from his early life in this semi-autobiographical novel. Hed already become financially successful with the publication of This Side of Paradise in 1920. The book is listed on the Modern Librarys list of 100 Best Novels of the 20th Century. Publisher Arthur Misener wrote: I think it (The Great Gatsby) is incomparably the best piece of work you have done. Of course, he also said that the novel was somewhat trivial, that it reduces itself, in the end, to a son of anecdote. Some of the very elements that brought the book acclaim were also the source of criticism. But, it was (and still is) considered by many to be one of the great masterworks of the time period, and one of the great American novels. Description Title: The Great GatsbyAuthor: F. Scott FitzgeraldType of Work Genre: Modernist Novel; FictionTime Place (Setting): Long Island and New York City; Summer 1922Publisher: Charles Scribners SonsPublication Date: April 10, 1925Narrator: Nick CarrawayPoint of View: First and Third Person Basics Great American literary classicOne of F. Scott Fitzgeralds most famous worksChronicled 1920s America, the Jazz AgeChallenged at the Baptist College in Charleston, SC (1987): language and sexual referencesThe first novel that Scribners had published that contained foul language. How It Fits In The Great Gatsby is usually the novel for which F. Scott Fitzgerald is best remembered. With this and other works, Fitzgerald forged his place in American literature as the chronicler of the Jazz Age of the 1920s. Written in 1925, the novel is a snapshot of the time period. We experience the glittery-splendiferous world of the wealthy—with the accompanying emptiness of morally decayed hypocrisy. Gatsby represents so much that is seductive, but his pursuit of passion—at the expense of all else—leads him to his own ultimate destruction. Fitzgerald writes: I wanted to get out and walk eastward toward the park through the soft twilight, but each time I tried to go I became entangled in some wild, strident argument which pulled me back, as if with ropes, into my chair. Yet high over the city our line of yellow windows must have contributed their share of human secrecy to the casual watcher in the darkening streets... I saw him too, looking up and wondering. I was within and without. Do you ever feel within and without? What do you think it means? Characters Nick Carraway: A Midwesterner, who sells bonds. Narrator. He observes and describes the rise and fall of Jay Gatsby.Daisy Buchanan: Wealthy. Cousin of Nick Carraway. Tom Buchanans wife.Tom Buchanan: Wealthy. Philanderer. Daisy Buchanans husband. Powerful personality.Jay Gatsby: A self-made man. The epitome of American Dream. A fascinatingly unforgettable figure in American literature. His parents were poor farmers. After getting a taste for wealth, he went into the Army, attended Oxford and quickly accumulated wealth via nefarious means. With his stupendous rise to great fortune, he was fated to fall.Jordan Baker: Daisys friend.George Wilson: Myrtle Wilsons husband.Myrtle Wilson: Tom Buchanans mistress. George Wilsons wife.Meyer Wolfsheim: An underworldly, criminal figure. Jay Gatsbys acquaintance.